Education and society


Education and society
Society may be viewed as a system of inter related mutually dependent parts which co operate to preserve a recognisable whole and to satisfy some purpose or goal. Social system refers to the orderly arrangement of parts of society and plurality of individuals interacting with each othet. Social system presupposes a social structure consisting of different parts which are interrelated in such a way as to perform its functions. To perform its functions every society sets up various institutions. Five major complexes of institutions are identified: familial institutions, religious institutions, educational institutions, economic institutions and political institutions. These institutions form sub - systems within social system or larger society.
Education as a sub system:
Education is a sub - system of the society. It is related to other sub - systems. Variuos institutions or sub systems are a social system because they are interrelated. Education as a sub - system performs certain functions for the society as whole. There are also functional relations between education and other sub - systems. For example,education trains the individuals in skill that are required by economy.
Now we will examine the role of education for the society and relationship between education and other sub system of society in terms of the functionalist perspective. The functionalist view of education tends to focus on the positive contributions made by education to the maintenance of social system.
Emile Durkheim says that the major function of the education is the transmission of society's norms and values. Society can survive only if there exists among its members a sufficient degree of homogeneity,education prepetuates and reinforce this homogeneity by fixing in the child from the beginning the essential similarities which collective life demands.
Education in particular the teaching of history, provides this link between the individual and society. If the history of his society is brought alive to the child, he will come to see that he is part of something larger than himself, he will develop a sense of commitment to the social group.
Membership of society as a whole is based neither of these principles. Individuals must learn to cooperate with those who are neither their kin nor their friends. The school provides a context where these skills can be learned. As such, it is society in miniature, a model of the social system. In schoo, the child must learn to interact with other members of the school in terms of fixed set of rules.
Education acts a bridge between the family and treated largely in terms of particularistic standards. In the wider society the individual is treated and judged in terms of universalistic standards. Within the family the child's status is ascribed, it is fixed by birth. How ever, in advanced industrial society, status in adult life is largely achieved. Thus, the child must move from particularistic standards and ascribed status of the family yo universalistic standards and achieved status of adult society.
The school prepares young people for this transition. Schools operates on meritocratic principle, status is achieved on the basisof merit. As part of this process, schools socialise young people into the basic values of society. These values have important functions in society as a whole.

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